Articles and Abstracts

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Articles and Abstracts

These publications reflect years of work with and on VOCALISE and our other pieces of software. Browse through more than a decade of publications below.

Recent Papers

  • Anil Alexander, Linda Gerlach, Thomas Coy, Oscar Forth, and Finnian Kelly. Handling real-world challenges of variable speech quality and multiple speakers in forensic automatic speaker recognition using VOCALISE, Audio Engineering Society (AES) Forensics Conference 2024, Denver, USA, URL. [Download Paper]
  • Finnian Kelly, Thomas Coy, Anil Alexander, and Michael Jessen. Congruence plots and their applications in forensic voice comparison, Audio Engineering Society (AES) Forensics Conference 2024, Denver, USA, URL. [Download Paper]
  • Linda Gerlach, Finnian Kelly, Kirsty McDougall, and Anil Alexander.  Exploring speaker similarity based selection of relevant populations for forensic automatic speaker recognition, Proceedings of Speaker Odyssey 2024, Quebec City, Canada, URL. [Download Paper]
  • Vincent Hughes, Chenzi Xu, Paul Foulkes, Philip Harrison, Poppy Welch, Jessica Wormald, Finnian Kelly, and David van der Vloed. Exploring individual speaker behaviour within a forensic automatic speaker recognition system, Proceedings of Speaker Odyssey 2024, Quebec City, Canada, URL. [Download Paper]
  • Linda Gerlach, Kirsty McDougall, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander.  Voice twins: discovering extremely similar-sounding, unrelated speakers, Proceedings of INTERSPEECH 2023, Dublin, Ireland, URL. [Download Paper]
  • Linda Gerlach, Kirsty McDougall, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander. Automatic assessment of voice similarity within and across speaker groups with different accents, Proceedings of the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS) 2023, Prague, Czech Republic, URL. [Download Paper]
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  • Michael Jessen, Anil Alexander, Thomas Coy, Oscar Forth, and Finnian Kelly. CON(gruence)-plots for assessing agreement between voice comparison systems, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2023, pp. 37-38, Zurich, Switzerland. [Download Abstract]
  • Vincent Hughes, Jessica Wormald, Paul Foulkes, Philip Harrison, Poppy Welch, Chenzi Xu, Finnian Kelly, and David van der Vloed. Effects of vocal variation on the output of an automatic speaker recognition system, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2023, pp. 35-36, Zurich, Switzerland. [Download Abstract]
  • Chenzi Xu, Paul Foulkes, Philip Harrison, Vincent Hughes, Poppy Welch, Jessica Wormald, Finnian Kelly, and David van der Vloed. Impact of mismatches in long-term acoustic features upon different-speaker ASR scores, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2023, pp. 33-34, Zurich, Switzerland. [Download Abstract]
  • Linda Gerlach, Finnian Kelly, Kirsty McDougall, and Anil Alexander. A convincing voice clone? Automatic voice similarity assessment for synthetic speech samples, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2023, pp. 29-30, Zurich, Switzerland. [Download Abstract] 
  • Linda Gerlach, Kirsty McDougall, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander. Seeking voice twins – an exploration of VoxCeleb using automatic speaker recognition and two clustering methods, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2022, pp. 45-46, Prague, Czech Republic. [Download Abstract] 
  • Bence Halpern and Finnian Kelly. Can DeepFake voices steal high-profile identities?, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2022, pp. 80-81, Prague, Czech Republic. [Download Abstract] 
  • Finnian Kelly, Harry Swanson, Kirsty McDougall, and Anil Alexander. Classifying non-speech vocalisations for speaker recognition, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2022, pp. 7-8, Prague, Czech Republic. [Download Abstract] 
  • Marcel Kockmann, Kevin Farrell, Daniele Colibro, Claudio Vair, Anil Alexander, and Finnian Kelly. Voice biometrics: perspective from the industry, in Carmen García-Mateo and Gérard Chollet (eds.) Voice Biometrics: Technology, trust and security, IET Digital Library, 2021. [eBook Details]
  • Anil Alexander, Finnian Kelly, and Erica Gold. A WYRED connection: x-vectors and forensic speech data, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2021, Marburg, Germany. [Download Abstract] 
  • Linda Gerlach, Kirsty McDougall, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander. How do automatic speaker recognition systems ‘perceive’ voice similarity? Further exploration of the relationship between human and machine voice similarity ratings, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2021, Marburg, Germany. [Download Abstract] 
  • Linda Gerlach, Tom Coy, Finnian Kelly, Kirsty McDougall, and Anil Alexander. How does the perceptual similarity of the relevant population to a questioned speaker affect likelihood ratio?, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2021, Marburg, Germany. [Download Abstract] 
  • Bence Mark Halpern, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander. Speaker-informed speech enhancement and separation, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2021, Marburg, Germany. [Download Abstract] 
  • Tom Iszatt, Ekrem Malkoc, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander. Exploring the impact of face coverings on x-vector speaker recognition using VOCALISE, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2021, Marburg, Germany. [Download Abstract] 
  • Linda Gerlach, Kirsty McDougall, Finnian Kelly, Anil Alexander, and Francis Nolan. Exploring the relationship between voice similarity estimates by listeners and by an automatic speaker recognition system incorporating phonetic features, Speech Communication, 2020. [Download Article from Elsevier] [Download Article from Apollo, University of Cambridge]
  • Bence Halpern, Finnian Kelly, Rob van Son, and Anil Alexander. Residual networks for resisting noise: analysis of an embeddings-based spoofing countermeasure, Odyssey 2020: The Speaker and Language Recognition Workshop, Tokyo, Japan, URL. [Download Article]
  • David van der Vloed, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander. Exploring the effects of device variability on forensic speaker comparison using VOCALISE and NFI-FRIDA, a forensically realistic database, Odyssey 2020: The Speaker and Language Recognition Workshop, Tokyo, Japan, URL. [Download Article]
  • Finnian Kelly, Andrea Fröhlich, Volker Dellwo, Oscar Forth, Samuel Kent, and Anil Alexander. Evaluation of VOCALISE under conditions reflecting those of a real forensic voice comparison case (forensic_eval01), Speech Communication, vol. 112, pp. 30-36, September 2019, URL. [Download Preprint]
  • Linda Gerlach, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander. More than just identity: speaker recognition and speaker profiling using the GBR-ENG database, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2019, Istanbul, Turkey. [Download Abstract] 
  • Linda Gerlach, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander. One out of many: A sliding window approach to automatic speaker recognition with multi-speaker files, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2019, Istanbul, Turkey. [Download Abstract] 
  • David van der Vloed, Anil Alexander, and Finnian Kelly. The effect of background data selection on the strength of evidence, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2019, Istanbul, Turkey. [Download Abstract] 
  • Finnian Kelly, Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, and David van der Vloed. From i-vectors to x-vectors – a generational change in speaker recognition illustrated on the NFI-FRIDA database, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2019, Istanbul, Turkey. [Download Abstract] 
  • Finnian Kelly, Oscar Forth, Samuel Kent, Linda Gerlach, and Anil Alexander. Deep neural network based forensic automatic speaker recognition in VOCALISE using x-vectors, Audio Engineering Society (AES) Forensics Conference 2019, Porto, Portugal, URL. [Download Article] 
  • Finnian Kelly, Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, and David van der Vloed. Speaker recognition system adaptation to unseen and mismatched recording devices in the NFI-FRIDA database, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2018, Huddersfield, UK. [Download Abstract] 
  • David van der Vloed, Jos Bouten, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander. Forensically Realistic Inter-Device Audio (NFI-FRIDA) and initial experiments, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2018, Huddersfield, UK. [Download Abstract] 
  • Alankar Atreya, Oscar Forth, Samuel Kent, Finnian Kelly, and Anil Alexander. Estimating the Good, the Bad and the Ugly in Speech Recordings, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2018, Huddersfield, UK. [Download Abstract] 
  • Finnian Kelly, Oscar Forth, Alankar Atreya, Samuel Kent, and Anil Alexander. Automatic Speaker Profiling using i-vectors, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2017, Split, Croatia. [Download Abstract] 
  • Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, Alankar Atreya, Samuel Kent, and Finnian Kelly. Automatically recognizing speakers in multi-speaker recordings, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2017, Split, Croatia. [Download Abstract] 
  • Finnian Kelly, Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, Samuel Kent, Jonas Lindh, and Joel Åkesson. Identifying Perceptually Similar Voices with a Speaker Recognition System Using Auto-Phonetic Features, INTERSPEECH 2016, pp. 1567-1568, San Francisco, USA, URL. [Download Article]
  • Finnian Kelly, Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, Samuel Kent, Jonas Lindh, and Joel Åkesson. Automatically identifying perceptually similar voices for voice parades, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2016, York, UK. [Download Abstract] 
  • Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, Alankar Atreya, and Finnian Kelly. iVOCALISE: An i-vector-based automatic speaker recognition system using spectral and phonetic features, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2016, York, UK. [Download Abstract]
  • Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, Alankar Atreya, and Finnian Kelly. VOCALISE: A forensic automatic speaker recognition system supporting spectral, phonetic, and user-provided features, Odyssey 2016: The Speaker and Language Workshop, Bilbao, Spain, URL. [Download Article]
  • Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, and Alankar Atreya. Audio fingerprinting to detect illegal content in digital media files, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2015, Leiden, The Netherlands. [Download Abstract]
  • Oscar Forth and Anil Alexander. Content Comparison and Analysis (COCOA) of Contemporaneously Recorded Audio Material, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2014, Zürich, Switzerland. [Download Abstract] 
  • Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, John Nash, and Neil Yager. Zooplots for Speaker Recognition with Tall and Fat Animals, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2014, Zürich, Switzerland. [Download Abstract] 
  • Owain Rhys Hughes and Anil Alexander. Developing OperaVOX – the On Person Rapid Voice Examiner App. Publication in ENT NEWS, November 2013. [Download Article]
  • Michael Jessen, Anil Alexander, and Oscar Forth. Forensic Voice Comparisons in German with Phonetic and Automatic Features using VOCALISE software, Audio Engineering Society (AES) Forensics Conference, 2014, London, UK. [Download Article] 
  • Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, Marianne Jessen, and Michael Jessen. Speaker recognition with Phonetic and Automatic Features using VOCALISE software, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2013, Tampa, Florida, USA. [Download Abstract] 
  • Marianne Jessen, Oscar Forth, and Anil Alexander. VOCALISE: eine gemeinsame Plattform für die Anwendung automatischer und semiautomatischer Methoden in forensischen Stimmenvergleichen, German article in Polizei & Wissenschaft, April 2013.
  • Johanna Morley, Oscar Forth, and Anil Alexander. Voice Carving and Automatic Speech Recognition applied to the Transcription of Police Interview Recordings, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2012, Santander, Spain. [Download Abstract]
  • Anil Alexander and Oscar Forth. Blind Speaker Clustering Using Phonetic and Spectral Features in Simulated and Realistic Police Interviews, International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics (IAFPA) conference 2012, Santander, Spain. [Download Abstract] 
  • Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, and Donald Tunstall. Music and Noise Fingerprinting and Reference Cancellation Applied to Forensic Audio Enhancement, 46th International Conference: Audio Forensics 2012, Denver, USA, URL.

Other articles published by OWR staff

  • Anil Alexander, Oscar Forth, and Robin How (2010). Voice Carving—Forensic Application of Automatic Speaker Segmentation, Audio Engineering Society, 39th International Conference: Audio Forensics: Practices and Challenges, June 2010, Denmark, URL.
  • Anil Alexander. Forensic automatic speaker recognition using Bayesian interpretation and statistical compensation for mismatched conditions, (adapted PhD Abstract) International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law, pp 145-147, Vol. 14(1), 2007, URL.
  • Plamen Prodanov, Andrzej Drygajlo, Jonas Richiardi, and Anil Alexander (2007). Low-level grounding in a multimodal mobile service robot conversational system using graphical models, Journal of Intelligent Service Robotics, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, doi = {10.1007/s11370-006-0001-9}, URL. [Download Article]
  • Anil Alexander. Ph.D thesis (no. 3367), November 2005, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Forensic automatic speaker recognition using Bayesian interpretation and statistical compensation for mismatched conditions. 
  • Mijail Arcienega, Anil Alexander, Philipp Zimmerman, and Andrzej Drygajlo. A Bayesian network approach combining pitch and spectral envelope features to reduce channel mismatch in speaker verification and forensic speaker recognition, Interspeech 2005 – Eurospeech – 9th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, September 2005, Lisbon, Portugal pp. 2009-2012,  URL. [Download Article]
  • Anil Alexander, Damien Dessimoz, Filippo Botti, Andrzej Drygajlo. On the Use of Auditory and Automatic Systems to Handle Mismatched Conditions in Forensic Speaker Recognition, International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law, Vol. 12(2), 2005, pp. 214-234.
  • Anil Alexander, Filippo Botti, Didier Dessimoz, and Andrzej Drygajlo. The effect of mismatched recording conditions on human and automatic speaker recognition in forensic applications, Forensic Science International, Elsevier, Volume 146, Supplement 1, 2 December 2004, pp. S95-S99, URL.
  • Filippo Botti, Anil Alexander, and Andrzej Drygajlo. On Compensation of Mismatched Recording Conditions in the Bayesian Approach for Forensic Automatic Speaker Recognition, Forensic Science International, Elsevier. Volume 146, Supplement 1, 2 December 2004, pp. S101-S106, URL.
  • Anil Alexander, Filippo Botti, and Andrzej Drygajlo. Handling Mismatch in Corpus-Based Forensic Speaker Recognition, in Proceedings of 2004: A Speaker Odyssey, Toledo, Spain, May 2004, pp. 69-74, URL. [Download Article]
  • Filippo Botti, Anil Alexander, and Andrzej Drygajlo. An Interpretation Framework for the Evaluation of Evidence in Forensic Automatic Speaker Recognition with Limited Suspect Data, in Proceedings of 2004: A Speaker Odyssey, Toledo, Spain, May 2004, pp. 63-68, URL. [Download Article]
  • Anil Alexander and Andrzej Drygajlo. Scoring and Direct Methods for the Interpretation of Evidence in Forensic Speaker Recognition, in Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP), Jeju, Korea, 2004, URL. [Download Article]
  • Filippo Botti, Anil Alexander, and Andrzej Drygajlo. Evaluation of Evidence in Forensic Speaker Recognition with a Questioned recording and a Single suspect’s Recording, in Proceedings of the 3rd European Academy of Forensic Science Meeting, Forensic Science International, vol. 136, Istanbul, Turkey: Elsevier, September 2003, pp. 365-366, URL.
  • Didier Meuwly, Anil Alexander, Andrzej Drygajlo, and Filippo Botti. Polyphone-IPSC: A Shared Speakers Database for Evaluation of Forensic-automatic Speaker Recognition Systems, in Forensic Science International, vol. 136, Istanbul, Turkey: Elsevier, September 2003, p. 367, URL.
  • Andrzej Drygajlo, Didier Meuwly, and Anil Alexander, Statistical Methods and Bayesian Interpretation of Evidence in Forensic Automatic Speaker Recognition, in Proc. Eurospeech 2003, Geneva, Switzerland, September 2003, pp. 689-692, URL. [Download Article]